Which regions are suitable for the development of the FPS model?

Which regions are suitable for the development of the FPS model?

The FPS model places certain requirements on lighting conditions, water consumption, geography and socio-economic conditions, and the following analyses the regions where it can be developed in terms of core adaptation conditions and typical regional cases:

1. Core conditions and corresponding regional characteristics
   Sufficient sound resources
   Main indicators: annual sunshine ≥ 1500 hours, high solar radiation (e.g. areas in China with annual solar radiation ≥ 4200 MJ/m²).
   Applicable regions:
   China: North China (e.g. Hebei, Shandong), Northwest China (e.g. Gansu, Ningxia), East China (e.g. Jiangsu, Zhejiang), South China (e.g. Guangdong, Fujian), and other areas with small screens.
   Global: Mid-latitude and low-latitude areas between 30°N and 30°S (e.g., India, Southeast Asia, Southern Europe, Southwestern United States, etc.).
   Abundant water resources and development
   Applicable feeding types:
   Natural trees: lakes, reservoirs, impoundments, rivers, etc. (water depth usually ≤ 5 metres, which is a bracket mounting and salvage operation).
   Artificial protected areas: abandoned pits and ponds, saline and alkaline land transformation parks, coastal mudflats, etc. (geological stability and wind and wave resistance need to be assessed).
   Prohibited development areas: ecologically sensitive zoos or functional zoos such as the core area of nature reserves, basic protection zones of river water sources, and waterway trunk lines.
   Tight land resources or high cost
   Typical scenario:
   Areas with many people and little land: economically developed provinces on the eastern coast (e.g. Zhejiang, Jiangsu), where land resources are scarce, and fishery-optical complementation can realise ‘two uses for one land’.
   Agricultural high-value areas: avoid occupying high-quality arable land, use zoo space to develop clean energy and aquaculture, such as the Jiangnan Water Town and the Pearl River Delta.
   Policy support and market demand
   Policy incentives:
   Government tax incentives for renewable energy (PV) and green agriculture (eco-agriculture) (e.g. China’s ‘PV+Rural Revitalisation’ policy).
   Sectors that are developing in the carbon emissions trading market (fisheries, PV can reduce carbon emissions and gain additional revenue).
   Utilisation of electricity capacity: proximity to electricity load centres (e.g. industrial concentration areas, urban fringes), simultaneous access and pipelines, reduced piped grid costs.
   Suitable climate and environmental conditions
   Climate requirements:
   Keep an eye on strong typhoon closed areas (e.g., southeast coast of China needs to strengthen the design of bracket wind resistance).
   Moderate temperature, avoid extreme high or low temperatures affect the efficiency of photovoltaic modules and aquaculture (e.g., the northeast region in winter need to consider the impact of icing on the equipment).
   Quality requirements:
   Water quality is non-polluting or flexible in pollution, suitable for fish survival (e.g. freshwater aquaculture needs pH 6.5-8.5, salinity ≤ 5‰; seawater aquaculture needs to be adjusted according to the species).

    

   Regional cases and equipment typical analysis

1. China’s eastern seaboard (Zhejiang and Jiangsu as examples)

• Favourable conditions:
  Sufficient feed (1800-2200 hours of annual sunshine), dense zoo (e.g., lagoon impoundments such as Taihu Lake and Hongze Lake).
  High land cost, fishery-photovoltaic complementation can enhance the unit income (PV power sales + farming double income).
  Policy support: Included in the ‘Rural Revitalisation’ and ‘Carbon Neutral’ demonstration projects, giving strong support.
  Cultivated species: four kinds of large carp, South American white shrimp, carp and other shade-tolerant species.
  Challenges: During the typhoon season, vehicle mounts need to be strengthened with wind-resistant design (wind-resistant level ≥ 10).
  Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (e.g. Hubei, Anhui)
  Favourable conditions:
  Surrounding freshwater marshes (e.g. Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, etc.), water area.
  Upper mast conditions (1500-2000 hours of sunshine per year), but PV modules can be cooled on the water surface to improve efficiency (5%-10% higher than upfront).
  Mode: ‘Upper PV typical + lower fish farming + middle leisure’ (part of the project is combined with eco-tourism, such as fishing and sightseeing).
  Northwest arid and semi-arid regions (e.g. Gansu, Ningxia)
  Favourable conditions:
  Extremely strong lights (annual sunshine hours ≥ 2800 hours), high PV power generation.
  Existence of large amounts of saline, barren land or abandoned reservoirs, low development costs.
  Innovative applications:
  Photovoltaic panel shading reduces water surface evaporation, improves local microclimate, suitable for salt-tolerant fish (e.g., tilapia) or drought-tolerant crops (e.g., reeds) planted in sets.
  Challenge: Overall limited water resources and the need to balance ecological and aquaculture water use.
  Southeast Asia (e.g. Thailand, Vietnam)
  Favourable conditions:
  Tropical climate, plenty of abundance (2,000-2,500 hours of sunshine per year), long aquaculture cycle (e.g. tilapia can grow in spring).
  Land resources are tight, and complementary fisheries and solar energy can ease the competition between food crops and energy land.
  Policy-driven: renewable energy development targets of corresponding countries (e.g. 30% renewable energy in Thailand by 2036).
  Temperate Europe (e.g. Germany, France)
  Favourable conditions:
  Strict environmental policies and high demand for clean energy (e.g. Germany’s ‘Energy Transition’ programme).
  Lakes and reservoirs with standardised management and the development of ecological fish and solar projects (e.g. trout farming combined with photovoltaics).

  Summary: ‘Ideal regional pattern’ for fish and photovoltaic complementarity

  Core elements:

  Natural conditions: sufficient food, sight of food, fairness, mild climate.
  Socio-economic: land scarcity, policy support, strong power consumption capacity, mature farming technology.

  Priority Recommended Areas:

  Eastern coastal economic development provinces (e.g. Zhejiang, Jiangsu) – solving land bottlenecks and enhancing comprehensive benefits.
  Freshwater aquaculture concentration areas in the Yangtze River basin (e.g. Hubei, Hunan) – optimise water resource utilisation and promote green agriculture.
  Resource-rich but land-poor areas in Northwest China (e.g. Gansu, Ningxia) – revitalise idle parks and promote rural prosperity.

   

  Through the cooperation of the above conditions, the fishery-photovoltaic complementary mode can promote the upgrading of aquaculture while realising clean energy production, and help the sustainable development of regional economy and ecology.